Combination automatic washing machine and drier



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COMBINATION AUTOMATIC WASHING MACHINE AND DRIER Filed July 17, 1946 13 Sheets-Sheet 5 May 22, 1951 c. B. HATFIELD 2,553,581

COMBINATION AUTOMATIC WASHING MACHINE AND DRIER Filed July 17, 1946 13 Sheets-S 6 Q I? INVENTOR.

May 22, 1951 c. B. HATFIELD 2,553,581

COMBINATION AUTOMATIC WASHING MACHINE AND DRIER 13 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed INVENTOR.

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COMBINATION AUTOMATIC WASHING MACHINE AND DRIER 13 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed July 17, 1946 I N VEN TOR.

May 22, 1951 c. B. HATFIELD COMBINATION AUTOMATIC WASHING MACHINE AND DRIER Filed July 17, 1946 15 Sheets-Sheet 1O IN VEN TOR. We, 6. BY

May 22, 1951 c. B. HATFIELD 2,553,581

COMBINATION AUTOMATIC WASHING MACHINE AND DRIER China/1 J}; 0252;. EN

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COMBINATION AUTOMATIC WASHING MACHINE AND DRIER Filed July 1'7, 1946 15 Sheets-Sheet l2 INVENTOR.

BY \x' D May 22, 1951 c. B. HATFIELD 2,553,581

COMBINATION AUTOMATIC WASHING MACHINE AND DRIER Filed July 1'7, 1946 15 Sheets-Sheet l5 Patented May 22, 1951 UNITED STATES @FHQE COMBINATION AUTOMATIC WASHING MACHINE AND DRIER 23 Claims.

This invention relates to washing machines, and more particularly to a domestic washing machine of the automatic type which is adapted to both wash and dry clothes in the same apparatus.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a combination washing machine and drier of new and improved construction which is capable of carrying out a sequence of washing and drying operations in a completely automatic manner, the number and duration of the various operations in the sequence being variable at the will of the user of the machine.

With the machine of the present invention, the user may elect, by a simple setting of dials, whether one or two soaping processes are employed, how many minutes are allowed for each soaping process, and the number of minutes allowed for the drying step, the duration of which latter step may be so selected that the clothes may be either completely dried, or partially dried to any desired degree. After the user has indicated the desired sequence of operations by setting of the dials, the machine is adapted to automatically carry out the wishes of the user in successive operations, including all other related operations such as dumping in the soap, filling with water, emptying of waste liquid, and the like.

Another object of the invention is to provide a washing machine and drier which is extremely simple to use and operate, and wherein the clothes can be inserted, soap and other ingredients placed in appropriate receptacles and the dials set for the desired operations in approximately two minutes, whereafter the machine will perform the desired cycle of operations with no further attention required, and, when the cycle is completed, will stop automatically. Due to the completely automatic character of the machine of the present invention, the user may load the machine with the clothes to be washed, the soap and other desired washing and rinsing ingredients, set the dials, leave home, and upon returning hours later, find the clothes completely Washed and dried, ready for ironing.

A further object of the invention is to provide a machine of the character described wherein novel means are employed for utilizing pneumatic pressure to drive a rotatable clothescontaining basket or spinner at a relatively low speed during the major portions of the washing, rinsing and drying operations, and at a relatively high speed during the shorter periods when the clothes are wrung or damp-dried by centrifugal action, thereby eliminating the use of gears and clutch mechanisms for power transmission and the consequent wear of mechanical parts and necessity for lubrication thereof. There is also provided a novel form of governor for controlling the speed at which the basket is rotated and preventing it from running away during the periods of high speed operation.

Another object is to provide a washing machine wherein compressed air is utilized in a unique manner for agitation of the clothes and water in a rotating basket, the air being delivered upwardly through novelly arranged ports in the bottom of the basket in relatively strong. short, pulsating blasts.

According to the invention, a plurality of ports are opened or uncovered in pairs, each pair being symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis of rotation of the basket so as to provide for equalization of pressures, and being directed upwardly at selected angles with respect to the perpendicular such that the blasts alternately lead or lag with respect to the direction of rotation of the basket, and are also alternately directed toward and away from the axis of rotation. The strong, rapid, pulsating pneumatic agitation of the contents of the basket thus produced provides a more thorough, vigorous and efficient washing action than machines employing mechanical agitators, and at the same time substantially reduces wear and tear of the clothes,-and the formation of lint, in comparison with that resulting from mechanical agitation. By utilizing air under considerable pressure for the pneumatic agitation, and by supplying the air through a plurality of ports at dii ferent distances from, and at different angles with respect to, the axis of rotation of the basket, billowing and bunching of the clothes are substantially prevented.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a machine of the character described wherein air is used for drying the clothes, as well as for agitation during the Washing operation, and wherein novel means are provided for heating the air and automatically controlling the temperature thereof. The air heating means its thermostatic control are arranged in a unioue manner to effect a most eiiicient utilization of electrical energy for heating, and a highly accurate, sensitive control of the temperature to which the air is heated.

A still further object is to provide a washing machine for ordinary domestic use which will operate reliably for an indefinite time without the necessity for lubrication, this object being attained by the elimination of gearing and clutches, and by the use of non-corrosive bearings permanently packed with a water-repellent grease at those places where bearings are required.

Another object is to substantially eliminate the necessity for maintenance, repairs and upkeep by minimizing the number of moving parts embodied in the machine, and by the generalsimplicity and sturdiness of itsconstruction... Furthermore, the construction, shape and'rela- I tionship of the parts, and the manner in which they are secured together, are such that the machine may be assembled and disassembled.

with a minimum expenditure of time and labor,

while various subassemblies thereof may bereadily removed and replaced as units without disturbing the rest of the machine.-

Another object of the invention is to provide a.

simple; unique .and troubleproof type of solenoidv operated valvefor the airywater and waste lines of 'a-washing machine of the-character described, which'valve' is characterized by the inclusion of a-spring loade'd,solenoid operated plunger having :a stopper type nose which moves with a straight linear motion transversely across the line of flow, the plunger being surrounded by, or floating in; the fluid medium which it controls.

Another object is to provide a water mixer and temperature regulator ofsimple andnovel construction which is' particularly well adapted for use in a washing machine of the character described, and wherein the temperature of the mixed water may be readily" adjusted by'means of a knob located on the outside of the machine casing.

A further object of the invention is to provide simple and novel means for emptying waste liquid from a washing machine to a level higher than that of the machine itself by use of the same air as that used for agitating the clothes and driving the basket.

A further object is to provide a machine of the character described which is equally suitable for either permanent installation with fixed plumbing connections, or for portable use and temporary connection to hot and cold water lines and a means of waste disposal. To this end, the machine embodies a unique arrangement of flexible hose lines for the supply of hot and cold water and the disposal of waste, which hoses are mounted on'drums o reels within the cabinet of the machine in such a manner that the water or waste may run freely through the hoses even though they are only partially unrolled from the reels.

Another object is to provide novel means for enabling'the exhaust of used air from the-machine at anyone of a plurality of diiferent points depending upon the location and character of the installation of the machine, including the provision .of a suitable discharge. hose which may be connected to thedesired exhaust opening in the machine casing and led to a windowor other means for permittingthe-air to escape from the room in which the machine is used.

Still another object of the invention is to providea washing machineof the character described with a plurality of containers for soap, water softener, blueing or other ingredients which a-re so constructed that the contents thereof are 4 automaticall delivered into the washing water at the proper times in the cycle of operation.

A still further object is to provide an improved lid for the tub of a washing machine which is readily opened and closed to permit the deposit or removal of clothes, and when fastened in closed position, provides a completely air-tight and water-tight closure which prevents the escape of soap bubbles and will effectively maintain the increased air pressure which is required for emptying the waste liquid to a higher level than that of the machine. To this end, the lid embodies a pressure operated plunger which locks the lid latch in closed position during the times in the cycle of operation when waste fluid is being ejected by air pressure, thereby preventing accidental release of thelatch by the operator when the upper portion of the tub is filled with compressed air which would forcibly throw open the lid and possibly injure the user.

Anotherobject of the invention is to .provide a combined washingmachine andrdrier which, by

virtue of the novelconstruction, arrangement.

and cooperation of its parts, occupies a relatively small area of floor space, on the order offour squarefeet; and is so proportioned and shaped as to enable it to fit neatly into the usual arrangement of household appliances and furniture in the home. For example, in the preferred form of 'the invention, the top of the cabinet is the same height from the floor as that of the standard'kitchen sink, while its depth, or distance from frontto back, is the same as that of the lower portion of the standard kitchen cabinet. Consequently, the machine of the present invention is particularly well adapted for permanent installation in the modern planned type of kitchen.

Another object is to providea machine of the character described wherein the parts are of such number; construction and shape that many of them may be successfully and economically manufactured by stamping or die casting processes, and the entire machine may be assembled and completelymanufactured at a relatively low cost.

, which follows.-

Another object of the invention is to provide an automatic combination washing machine and drier which will encompass in a single device all of the advantages heretofore severally claimed bysimilar machines known to the art, which attains'those advantages in a structurally simple, sturdy and reliable apparatus embodying a minimum of moving parts, and which is superior in its performance, particularly in the completeness of the drying possible of attainment, to de vices of the samegeneral character heretofore available for household use.

These and other objects, including the provi sion of a novel form of governor control for the basket driving air motor and a unique system of automatic electrical control for the various operations-performed by the machine, will appear more fully upon consideration of the detailed description of the embodiment of the invention Although only one specific form of machine is described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it is to be expressly understood that'these drawings are for the purpose of illustration only, and are not to'be construed as defining the scope of the invention, for which latter purpose reference should be had to the appended claims.

Reference now to the drawings, wherein like reference characters indicate like parts throughout the several views:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of one form of automatic washing and drying machine embodying the present invention.

Figs. 2 and 3 are a top and a side view, respectively, of the machine shown in Fig. 1.

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are vertical sectional views taken along the lines 4-4, 5-5 and 56 of Figs. 1 and 3.

Fig. '7 is a rear view of the machine with the cover plate removed, and with certain parts brckenaway and shown in section.

Fig. 8 is a top view of the machine with th lid and top cover assembly removed.

Fig. 9 is a vertical sectional view through the air thermostat, taken along the line 99 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a vertical section through the automatic water mixer, taken along the line 10-49 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 11 is a horizontal section through the air compressor, taken along the line i l-l l of Fig. 6.

Fig. 12 is a horizontal section, on an enlarged scale, through th air heating assembly, taken along the line 12-42 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 13 is a vertical section through the pneumatic spinner motor, taken along the line l3-l3 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 1.4 is a vertical section through the solenoid valve controlling the temperature regulated water line, taken along the line I l-I6- of Fig. 8.

Fig. 15 is a vertical section through th air governor valve for the pneumatic spinner motor, taken along the line H! 5 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 16 is a vertical section through the solenoid valve controlling the air line to the pneumatic spinner motor, taken along the line 16-46 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 17 is a vertical section through the air pressure lock for the lid, taken along the line lI-l'l of Fig.2.

Fig. 18 is a horizontal view, partially broken away, through the pneumatic spinner motor, taken along the line 18-4 3 of Fig. 13.

Fig. 19 is a horizontal section, looking upwardly, through the pneumatic spinner motor showing the roller supports for the reciprocating gates, taken along the line lil9 of Fig. 13.

Fig. 20 is an enlarged view, partially in section, showing the construction of the swivel joint for one of the water lines leading to the hose drums.

Fig. 21 is a bottom view of the machine showing arrangement of air pipes and the supporting rollers for the machine.

Fig. 22 is a diagram showing the wiring arrangement for the automatic electric controls.

Fig. 23 is a vertical section showing the guide rollers for the reciprocating gates for the air compressor, taken along the line 23-43 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 24 is a vertical section through the helical coil for the air thermostat assembly, taken along line 2424 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 25 is a typical section through the lateral ball bearing rollers, and rotating wheel bearing flange, taken along any of the lines 225 of Fig. 18.

Fig. 26 is a horizontal section through the exhaust air out off valve assembly, taken along the line 26-26 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 27 is a vertical section through the tub chamber exhaust air pressure safety valve, taken along the line 21-41 of Fig. 26.

Fig; 28 is a vertical section through the float type water out off switch assembly, taken along the line 28- 2% of Fig. 8.

Fig. .29 is a fragmentary vertical section, on an enlarged scale, through one of the elbow pipe fitr allotted to each of the three processes.

tings of the stationary tub bottom through which air is supplied to the rotating basket.

Fig. 30 is a plan view, looking upwardly, of the under side of the tub bottom showing the ar rangement of the elbow pipe fittings which direct the air into th basket at different angles with respect to the axis of rotation of the basket.

The machine structure Referring first to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, which show the exterior of the machine, the four control knobs or dials I, 2, 3 and i are disposed in horizontally spaced relationship to each other at the front of the machine. Knob I is the control knob for the first washing or soaking process. Knob 2 is the control knob for the second washing or soaking process. Knob 3 is the control knob for the drying process. Knobs I, 2 and 3 control the setting of the automatic and electric control mechanism. As more fully explained hereinafter, each of the control knobs i, 2 and 3 is calibrated or marked in minutes and may be varied as to tim setting, which permits the user to select the length of time which he desires to be Knob 4, carrying a pointer which cooperates with a scale graduated from Warm to Hot, adjusts the setting of the automatic, thermostatic water mixer'and temperature regulator in a manner which is also subsequently explained in more detail.

The name plate 5 not only affords a convenient and logical place for a name, but is also designed to harmonize in a tasteful and appropriate way with the ornamental exterior of th machine. The chrome trim bands 6 and l likewise cooperate with the ornamental scheme of the cabinet, and in addition serve the utilitarian purpose, as better seen in Fig. 4, of covering the joints between the enameled sheet metal front 8, top 9 and base of the cabinet.

Referring to the top view, Fig. 2, the lid- I8 is provided with a handle ll, the lower part [2 of which serves as a means of releasing the catches !3 (see Figs. 4 and 17). When the lid is in a closed position, the catches ii! are secured underneath the lugs 14 on the main frame casting 15 of the top assembly. The movable portion 12 of the handle with its two catches i3 is hinged to the stationary part H by the two pin hinges 15. A spring I1 normally holds the movable part I2 in a downward position in which position the catches l3 normally engage the lugs I l.

By a natural and easy movement of the hand of the operator, when the fingers are inserted through the opening I8 and are grasping the handle, the fingers are naturally enclosed around the bottom of the lower movable part l2. Upon lifting upward the lower part 12 is first lifted upward against the spring I! and rotates on its hinges I6. This moves the catches l3 outward, disengaging them from lugs M, and the lid is free to raise upward. By continuing to exert a lifting movement on the handle, the lid H3 is lifted upward, swinging on the pins :2. The lid will open to an angle of approx mately 96 degrees.

During the swinging movement of the lid about the axis of the pins It, the air exhaust 2B which is cast as an integral part of the main frame casting 21 of the lid, telescopes into the air exhaust casting 22 which is secured to the main top frame casting l5 by the threaded collar 23. A rubber gasket 24 is secured in a groove in casting 22 and fits around the air exhaust 28, thus preventing escape of exhaust air into the room.

When waste water is being exhausted from the tub by air pressure in the manner hereinafter described, it is important that the lid be locked against flying open if the user. should accidentally press upwardly'on the part |2 of the handle.

In order to prevent this, an automatic air pres-. sure lock is providedfor locking the lid shut dur-- ing the time the waste water isbeing ejected by air pressure.

As shown in Fig. 1'7, an air pressure lid lock cylinder is threadedly secured into the main lid frame casting 2| at a point adjacent to the portion Ila of the handle II, the cylinder 25 extending into a groove'llb formed in the under side of the stationary part of the handle.

Within the air cylinder 25 is disposed the air pressure lid lock piston 21 having an enlarged bearing and pressure end 32. The piston 21 is normally held in its extreme righthand position as shown in Fig. 17, with the enlarged end 32 bearing against the main lid frame casting 2|, by the pressure of the spring 26.

An air line in the form of a copper (or other non-corrosive) tube is secured in position with its lower end passin through the bottom of the main lid frame casting 2| and having access to the air and air pressure Within the tub 31 when the lid i closed. The lower endof the tube 30 is protected against the direct entrance of water or spray from the tubby a cap 33 having perforations in its vertical wall. The upper end of the tube 30 enters a hole 34 through the side of the main lid frame casting 2| leading to the recess in which the cylinder 25 and piston 2'! are housed. The convolutions in the pipe 30 are for 1,

the purpose of acting as a baffle for whatever moisture may find its way into the pipe.

When the air exhaust line cut-off valve 35 (see Fig. 4) is closed by energization of its solenoid 36, during the period of discharging waste liquid from the machine by air pressure, in a manner subsequently more fully explained, and air-pressure builds up in the airtight tub above the water line to force out the waste liquid, air under pressure enters tube 30. This air flows through the tube 30 until'it'reaches space 34, whence it exerts pressure against the-enlarged bearing and pressure end 32 of the piston 21. This results in the piston 27 being moved forward against the pressure of spring 26, the tapered end 28 of the piston being forced between the lug 29 onthe upper surface of the movable part l2 of the handle assembly, and the lug 3| on the lower surface of the stationary part 'I I. Insertion of the tapered end 28 between the 'two lug 29 and BI locks the movable part l2 of'the handle assembly in a downward position, which in turn locks the catches I3 in position underneath the lugs i4.

When the waste liquids have'been forced out of the tub 371 by the air pressure and theexhaust line cut-off valve 35 isagain opened, the air pres sure in the tub 31 will be reduced to approximately atmospheric pressure and thespring 26 will force the piston 27 back against the side wall of the main lid frame casting 2|. This removes the tapered end 28 from its position between the lugs 29 and 3| and permits the movable portion l2 of the handle assembly'tobe lifted up when desired, the lid catches |3 released and the lid raised.'

Referring-now to Figs. 2, 3 and 5, five cups 38, 39, 40:, 4| and 42, having normally closed lids 38b, 39b, 4017, MI) and 4217, are provided for holding washing ingredients. The existence of the fiveingredient cups make it possible for the'user of the machine to fill the respective cups with proper amounts of the'desired ingredients for all operations of the complete washing cycle, before the machine is started. The usermay thus insert the soiled clothes, fill the ingredient cups, adjust the dials, all of which will require an estimated'time of approximately two minutes. and then leave the machine to operate unattended. No further attention whatsoever will be necessary. A woman user, who is working daily outside the home, may insert the clothes and adjust the machine before leaving for work in the morning, and upon returning in the afternoon, will find the clothes washed, rinsed, wrung (damp dried by centrifugal force), and completely dried (or dried to any desired degree of completion), ready to be removed from the machine.

The cups 38 and 39 may contain the water softener and soap or detergent, respectively, for the first soaping or soaking process. The cups 4% and dl normally contain water softener and soap for the second soaping process. The cup 42 may contain blueing or starch to be added, if desired, during the second rinsing process.

The washing cycle is flexible, as will be later explained, and the user may elect to eliminate the first soaping process if two soaping processes are considered unnecessary, as when washing thin or delicate fabrics. In this case, the dial or knob I (Fig. 1) controlling the first soaping process, will not be turned or adjusted, but will be left at zero. The first soaping process will then be automatically eliminated, and the machine will start its cycle of operations with the second soaping process, in which case the user does not fill the first two cups 38 and 39 with the Water softener and. soap, respectively.

There are certain parts of the United States which have soft water, which does not need water softener. In this case, the water softener cups 38 and 48 are left empty or unfilled. Similarly, if the user does not desire on a particular washto use blueing or starch, cup 42 is left empty.

During the automatic cycle of operations, the bottom of each of the respective cups, at the proper time in the cycle, is momentarily withdrawn by the pull of a controllin electric solenoid, thus dumping the contents of the cup into the washing chamber 3! below.

As will be seen from Fig. 4, wherein is illusstrated the detailed construction of the center cup 4|), the bottom of the cup is normally closed by a horizontally slidable, flat plate 43a which is fixed to a magnetizable plunger 43. The plunger 43 is slidable in a core 44 of copper or other non magnetic metal, around which is wound a solenoid coil 45. A shoulder 46 is provided on the non-magnetic core 44 which fits against a C gasket 41 disposed between the shoulder 46 and the outer portionor bearing seat 2 la of the main lid frame casting 2|. The open end of the nonmagnetic core 44 extends through a hole in the center of the seat 2| a, and receives a nut 48, a gasket 49 being disposed between the nut 43 and the annular seat 2|b on the inner side of the main lid casting 2|. When the nut 48 is tightened against the two gaskets, the juncture between the shoulder 45, the nut 48 and the outer and inner annular seats 2|a and 2|b, respectively, is'made watertight.

The outer end of the core 44 is closed by the stopper nut 50, gaskets 5| and 52 being provided to make the closure watertight. An outer cylindrical covering 53 and collar 54, formed of mag- 9 hetic material, are provided for the solenoid assembly, in order to eliminate air gaps in the magnetic circuit. When the end stopper nut 50 is secured or screwed down tight, the gasket on the outer surface of the annular end of the cylindrical covering 53, and the gasket 52 disposed between the end of the core it and the inner surface of the end of the covering 53, arecompressed so as to make the outer end of the core watertight; p p

A spring 55 normally keeps the plunger 43 in its extreme outward position wherein the flat plate a, to which the plunger 43 is attached, closes the lower end of the cup iii. A stop 56, attached by screws to the lower side of the main lid frame casting 2| at the proper point, serves as a stop for the plate 48a. The two edges of the plate Mia slide in the grooves 51 and 53 (Fig. 5) which are formed in the main lid frame casting 2|. 1 The plunger 43 changes diameter intermediate its ends, forming a shoulder 59. One end of the spring presses against this shoulder and the other end against the end stopper nut 53, thus urging the plunger 43 and plate 40a toward a normal outer position in which the bottom of the cup 55 is closed.

When, during the cycle of operations, electric current is permitted to flow around solenoid coil 45, the plunger 43 is moved toward the closed end of the solenoid assembly, against the pressure of the spring 55. This straight linear movement continues until the tapered or cone shaped end 65 of the plunger 43 moves into and is stoppedby the cone shaped recess 5! in the inner end of the end stopper nut 50. The sides of this cone shaped recess GI and of the tapered end 63 of the plunger 43 are sloped to an angle of approximately 30 degrees with the center line. The purpose of the cone shaped recess BI and end 65] of the plunger is to spread the electro-magnetic force exerted by the solenoid more uniformly over the length of travel of the plunger.

Two holes are provided in the plunger 43. One hole 52 extends longitudinally through the center of the plunger 43, while a second hole 63 extends diametrically through the plunger intersecting the axial hole 62 near the junction between the plunger and the plate 400.. The two intersecting holes create a vent from the inner closed portion 64 of the solenoid assembly, so that when the electric current pulls the plunger 43 toward the end stopper nut 59, any air or water, or mixture of both, which is caught in the diminishing space 64, between the end 65 of the plunger and the recess 5|, may escape to the outside of the solenoid assembly and into the tub area 31.

An easy or loose tolerance or slidin fit is provided between the large diameter portion of the plunger 43 and the inner surface of the core 44. In this way, binding or appreciable sliding friction, or resistance against the reciprocating or linear motion of the cup bottom plate, is eliminated. Air or moisture from the tub 31 is free to enter the area 54, but no air or moisture, however violent the agitation or pressure, may escape through the gaskets ll and 49, or the gaskets 5| and 52, into the area outside of the lid or into the area occupied by the solenoid 45.

The solenoid operated bottoms 38a, 39a, Ma and 42a of the other ingredient cups 38, 39, 4| and 42 are constructed in identical manner to that just described, exceptthat, as indicated in Fig. 4, the solenoids thereof extend toward the rear. of the machine, instead of toward the front.

10 The solenoid of the center cup 40 cannot extend rearwardly because of interference with the air exhaust 20.

If one of the processes in the cycle of operations is eliminated by choice of the user, such as the first soaping process, no ingredients are placed in the cup for this step of the process. During the cycle of operations, the bottom of this cup is momentarily slid back at the proper time by the solenoid action, regardless of whether it is filled with ingredients or not. If empty, however; no harm is done, for the bottom is slid back only momentarily, and during the brief time it is open, the lid of the cup is closed and latched, thus preventing the escape of air or water from the tub compartment 37.

The lids of the ingredient cups are normally held closed by spring loaded catches. As a specific example, the lid 4625 has a small handle 65 (Fig. 4) projecting in front of the lid and overhanging the wall 65 of the ingredient cup. The projecting handle 65 has a recess iii in its lower side in which is disposed a spring loaded catch lever 68. This catch lever pivots on the pin hinge 59, and is normally held against the front surface 11] of the cup 49 by the pressure of spring 1!. In this normal position, a catch 72 on the lower end of the catch lever 68 is caught under the ledge 13 formed in the surface of the front wall of the cup, and the lid is firmly secured in place.

When the user desires to open the lid in order to place washing ingredients in the cup, he lifts up on the under side of the spring loaded catch lever 68, compresses the spring H and rotates the catch lever 58 about the pin 69. This rotation slips the catch 72 out from under the ledge 13 and releases the lid. A continued upward pull on the lid raises it to an open position.

The main lid I0 is secured against leakage of air or moisture during operation of the machine by a rubber gasket 14 which surrounds the annular frustro-conical portion 15 of the main lid frame casting 2|, the portion 15 projecting down into the cooperating annular flange 16 which surrounds the opening in the main frame casting E5 of the cabinet top. When the catches E3 of the lid handle assembly are in place, thus securing the lid, the rubber gasket M is compressed sufciently to prevent all leakage of air or moisture from the tub compartment 31 while the machine is in operation.

In order to provide for quick and easy assembly and disassembly of the machine and access to its inner parts, a system of grouping related parts in subassemblies is provided. In the immediate parts under consideration, the entire top of the washing machine may be lifted off by merely removing four bolts 11 (see Fig. 2).

These four bolts pass through the top enameled sheet metal covering 9, through the main top frame casting i5 and are threaded into four horizontal lugs 18 projecting inwardly from the frame 19 (see Fig. 8). When the four bolts T! are removed, the entire top subassembly may be lifted off, including the enameled sheet metal cover 9, the main top frame casting l5, the entire lid with the live ingredient cups and solenoids, the curved air exhaust pipes 26 and 22, the air exhaust cut off valve 35 with its solenoid control 35, and all other parts of the machine above the main frame 19 which are included in the top subassembly.

The electrical connections which are required for the circuits which provide power for the solenoids controlling the opening of the bottoms of the ingredient cups and the air exhaust cut off are connected to the electric circuit of the lower part of the machine through a suitable socket or knife type switch, indicated at I38 in Fig. 6, so that when the four bolts 'i'i are removed and the to assembly lifted oil, the connection is automatically broken without the necessity for any wiring changes. When the top sub-assembly is replaced, the electrical socket or knife type switches are again closed by simply lowering the top into place.

The machine of the present invention is so constructed and arranged that pneumatic pressure is used throughout the cycle of operations to stir, agitate and (aided by a soap or detergent) cleanse the clothes, to furnish the power for driving the spinning basket, and for the drying process. This unique triple use of compressed air in the same machine, from a single source, serves to greatly simplify the mechanism, the power transmission, the controls and general construction of the machine. The expense and high cost of manufacturing gear type drives for agitation and spinning action, and the wear, maintenance and problems of lubrication attendant to gear type transmissions, are also eliminated. Much longer life for the machine is thus provided.

In the embodiment illustrated, the air is pro vided by an air compressor ea driven by a standard one-fourth horsepower electric motor SI, or a motor of other suitable size, by means of a V belt 82 (Figs. and 6). The compressor 80 is preferably of the rotary type disclosed in my application Serial No. 584,293, filed March 23, 1945. Such a compressor combines the advantages of the positive compression of the piston type compressor with the symmetry and smooth rotary motion of the centrifugal type pump. The complete symmetry of construction and rotary motion eliminate the vibration which is characteristic of the piston type pump.

As shown, the pump or compressor 85 is composed of three principal parts, a main housing consisting of a rim casting 83 (see Fig. 5), a side plate 84, and a rotating wheel st which turns on a shaft 86 formed as an integral part of the rotating wheel. The shaft 86 is supported at its ends by ball bearings 87! and 88 housed in the side plate 84 and rim casting 83, respectively. The rotating wheel 85 has two cam grooves 89 and 80, one in either side, located near the outer edge or" the wheel.

The right side of the compressor (as viewed in Fig. 6) has an air inlet at 9i and an outlet at 93, while the left side has an air inlet 92 and an outlet B l, the inlets SI and 92 being formed as mere openings of appropriate size in rim casting 83 leading to the atmosphere, while outlets 93 and 94 exhaust into hoses I28 and I29, later to be described. The rotating wheel 85 is non-circular, having two diametrically opposite, outwardly projecting lobes or bulges 95 and 96 which extend to the cylindrical rim of the casting 83, with just sufiicient clearance to prevent rubbing or sliding friction between the tips of the bulges 95 and at and the inner surface of the rim casting. The bulges 95 and 96 have a substantial peripheral extent, on the order of 120 each, in order that they may have a gradual slope outward to the tips and inward again, for reasons subsequently more fully explained.

Two radially reciprocating gates 9i and 98 ,(see Figs. 6 and 11) divide the inlet side of the pump from the outlet side. In Fig. 6 the wheel 35 is assumed to be rotating in a counterclockwise direction. In the position of wheel illustrated, the space 99, bounded by the lower righthand portion of the periphery of the rotating wheel, the inner surface of the rim casting 83 and the righthand reciprocating gate 9'5, is filled with air under compression which is being forced out through the outlet 93. The space I00, which is bounded by the upper lefthand portion of the surface of wheel 85, the inner surface of the rim casting 83 and the lefthand reciprocating gate 98, also contains air under pressure which is being forced out through the outlet 95. The spaces Iiii and I02, which are bounded by the upper right and lower lefthand portions of the periphery of the wheel 05, the inner surface of the rim casting 03 and the right and lefthand reciprocating gates 97 and 93, are filled with air at atmospheric pressure, or slightly below, which is being drawn in through the inlet ports SI and 92.

As the wheel 85 rotates in a counterclockwise direction, the compressed air in space E00 is pushed forward by the projecting lobe or bulge 9t and is forced out through the outlet 94. In a similar manner, the compressed air in the space 99 is pushed forward by the projecting bulge 05 and is forced out through the outlet 93. While this is occurring, the volume of spaces HM and IE2, which contain air at atmospheric pressure, is being increased by the forward movement of the bulges 95 and 96 so as to suck more air into the compressor through the inlets 9i and 92.

The gates 91 and 93 (see Fig. 11) are U-shaped so as to straddle the periphery of the rotating wheel $5, and are supported in constant close proximity to said periphery by pairs of ball bearing rollers I03, I04, I05 and I06 mounted on pins I01, I08, I09 and H0, respectively, which pins pass through and are fixedly secured in the legs of the gatesBI and 98 in positions parallel to the shaft 86.

As seen in Fig. 11, each of the cam grooves 89 and in the rotating wheel 85 is formed with an offset or ledge such that the outer half of the groove (in the direction of its depth) has its circumferential sides disposed slightly further from the axis of rotation of the wheel 83 than does the inner half of the same groove. This arrangement allows the outer roller of each pair of rollers I03-I06 to roll in pressure contact on the radially inner side of the associated cam groove, but with a small clearance between it and the radially outer side of the same groove, while the inner roller of each pair rolls with pressure contact on the radially outer side of the same groove. One of the rollers of each pair thus rolls in one direction while the other roller rolls in the'opposie direction. By this means, the radially inner edges 01' the reciprocating gates. which are preferably beveled as shown in Fig. 6, are maintained in fixed space relationship with, and in close proximity to, the outer surface of the rotating wheel 85.

As the wheel 85 rotatesthe gates 9'1 and 9B ride up the surfaces of the projecting lobes or bulges 9'5 and 95, due to the camming action of the cam grooves 89 and 90 and the following ball bearing rollers [BS-I06, so that the close clearance and fixed space relationship between the inner edges of the gates and the outer rim surface of the rotating wheel is continually maintained.

Each of the reciprocating gates 91 and 98 is also supported for reciprocation in a radial direction by rollers which bear against the side edges of the legs of the gate. As shown in Figs. 6 and 23, a pair of linear grooves 01 rabbets III and I I2 is formed in the edges or corners of each leg of the reciprocating gate 91, the grooves extending radially with respect to the Wheel 35 and receiving rollers H3, H4, H5 and H6 which are mounted on pins or spindles I I3a, I Ma, IISc and Him threadedly secured to the side wall of rim casting 83 and to side plate 84. The edges of both legs of the gate 98 are engaged by rollers in a similar manner. As a result of this construction, when the two gates 91 and 93 simultaneously reciprocate back and forth as a result of the cam action of the cam grooves and the pairs of rollers which roll in said grooves, the gates are accurately held against sidewise or edgewise motion and may reciprocate with straight linear motion in a radial direction only. Pockets III and I I8 are formed in the rim portion of casting 83 and in the corresponding portion of side plate 84 to provide enclosed spaces to receive the ends of the gates 91 and 98 when the latter reciprocate.

The projecting lobes or bulges 95 and 96 of the rotating wheel 85 are designed to cover a relatively large portion of the circumference of the wheel (approximately 120 for each) in order that the cam pressures may be kept as low as possible, particularly during rotation of the wheel at high speeds. The cam grooves may be designed to give simple harmonic motion to the reciprocating gates, in which event the rim of the rotating Wheel would be designed to correspond.

As seen best in Figs. 5 and 11, the compressor is driven through a pulley wheel I i 53 keyed on one end of the shaft 86 which projects through a centrally disposed opening in the side plate 84, the pulley wheel being secured in place by a nut I2I. A V groove I29 is formed in the rim of the pulley to accommodate the V belt 82 which drives the pulley from the motor M (Fig. 6).

A flat seat I22 is formed on the lower portion of the rim casting 8.3, the bottom surface of which seat is cemented to a rubber pad I23, Which is in turn cemented to a flat metal plate 524 bolted to the cabinet bottom casting I25 by bolts I26. This arrangement, in combination with the symmetrical construction and rotary method of operation of the compressor, fully eliminates vibration and makes for noiseless operation of the machine.

The electric driving motor 85 is also secured to the cabinet bottom casting I25, by the bolts E27, and may likewise be mounted on a rubber pad, if desired.

As may be seen from the above description, the air compressor thus described has perfect symmetry of construction, rotary motion, and freedom from vibration. At the same time, the advantages and efficiency of positive compression of the air are afforded. Furthermore, the novel manner in which the moving parts are supported permits close tolerances and yet avoids rubbing or sliding friction and makes possible the use of ball bearings and ball bearing rollers which are permanently grease packed, thereby eliminating the need for lubrication of the compressor.

Continuing with the description of the passage of compressed air through the machine, air forced from the right side of the compressor (as viewed in Fig. 6), upon passing through the outlet 93, enters the rubber hose I28 and is delivered thereby to the air heating assembly. Air from the 14 left side of the compressor passes through the outlet 94 and into the hose I29, which also leads to the air heating assembly.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 12, the air heating assembly is housed in a casting I? which is secured to the top cabinet frame casting I32 (Fig. 6) by the machine screws I33. The compressed air from the left side of the air compressor enters the air heating assembly through the hose I29 and inlet I 2911, while air from the right side of the compressor enters through the hose I28 and inlet I'ZSa.

The inside of the housing It! is provided with a liner I34 of ceramic or other suitable material, which serves both as an electrically insulating support for the electric heating coils and also for the conservation of heat.

The air flows from inlets I28a and IZB-a are united in the chamber I35, wherein are mounted a pair of helical electric heating coils I36 and I3? disposed in a vertical position. The sides 01' the ceramic liner I3 3 are curved inward at two points, as shown in Fig. 12, to partially surround each electric coil and hold it securely in its vertical position against the blast of compressed air which continually rushes through the chamber 535, at high speed and under considerable pressure, during operation of the machine.

A ceramic dividing support I38, of streamlined contour, is disposed in the center or" the passageway through the chamber I35, and is provided with notches in its fore and aft edges of the proper size and spacing to receive the coils of each heating element. This construction eliminates vibration of the coils I36 and i3? which would otherwise result from the high velocity flow of compressed air through the chamber I35.

With this construction, the compressed. air must first pass through the narrow passageways between the coils of the helix I38, enter the inside of that helix, and then again pass between the finely separated coils thereof before reaching the second helix l3'I where the same procedure is repeated. The air leaving the helix E37 passes into the elbow pipe and air thermostat housing I39, which leads the compressed (and now heated) air out of the air heating assembly. The elbow and air thermostat housing I 39 is secured in position against the exit end of casting I3I by a threaded collar M9.

As a result of this novel arrangement of the electric heating elements and other parts of the air heating assembly, the compressed air must pass through each coil or helix in such a manner that the particles of air come into more intimate contact with the hot wires than in any other known arrangement, thus providing a more efiicient heating unit than those heretofore available.

, The present invention also provides a unique and improved means for controlling the temperature of the heated air and keeping its temperature within desired limits, which means will now be described.

Referring to Fig. 24, which is a vertical section through the elbow and thermostat housing I39, the upper end of which appears in Fig. 12, there is shown therein a long, double helical coil I ii of fine copper tubing having one end I42 fixed within an internally threaded boss I43 which projects from the upper side of the housing I38. 

